MITE: the Minimum Information about a Tailoring Enzyme database for capturing specialized metabolite biosynthesis

Biosynthesis
Database
Natural Products
SMARTS
Authors
Affiliations

Adriano Rutz ORCID Scholia

ETH Zürich ROR logo Scholia

Daniel Probst ORCID

Wageningen University & Research ROR logo Scholia

César Aguilar ORCID

Tecnológico de Monterrey ROR logo

Daniel Y. Akiyama ORCID

Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) ROR logo

Fabrizio Alberti ORCID

University of Warwick ROR logo

Hannah E. Augustijn ORCID

Wageningen University & Research ROR logo Scholia

Leiden University ROR logo

Nicole E. Avalon ORCID

University of California, Irvine ROR logo

Scripps Institution of Oceanography ROR logo

Christine Beemelmanns ORCID

Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research ROR logo

Hellen Bertoletti Barbieri ORCID

Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) ROR logo

Friederike Biermann ORCID

Wageningen University & Research ROR logo Scholia

Goethe University Frankfurt ROR logo

LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics ROR logo

Alan J. Bridge ORCID

SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics ROR logo

Esteban Charria Girón ORCID

Wageningen University & Research ROR logo Scholia

Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research ROR logo

Russell Cox ORCID

Leibniz Universität Hannover ROR logo

Max Crüsemann ORCID

University of Bonn ROR logo

Goethe University Frankfurt ROR logo

Paul Michael D’Agostino Link to https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-5416

Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research ROR logo

Marc Feuermann ORCID

SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics ROR logo

Jennifer Gerke ORCID

Leibniz Universität Hannover ROR logo

Karina Gutiérrez García ORCID

Carnegie Institution for Science ROR logo

University of Arizona ROR logo

Jonathan Holme ORCID

SINTEF Industry ROR logo

Ji-Yeon Hwang ORCID

Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research ROR logo

Riccardo Iacovelli ORCID

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ROR logo

Júlio César Jeronimo Barbosa ORCID

Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) ROR logo

Navneet Kaur ORCID

National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute ROR logo

Martin Klapper ORCID

Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie e. V. - Hans-Knöll-Institut (HKI) ROR logo

Anna M. Köhler ORCID

Leibniz Universität Hannover ROR logo

Aleksandra Korenskaia ORCID

University of Tübingen ROR logo

Noel Kubach ORCID

University of Tübingen ROR logo

Byung Tae Lee ORCID

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ROR logo

Catarina Loureiro ORCID

Wageningen University & Research ROR logo Scholia

Shrikant Mantri ORCID

National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute ROR logo

Simran Narula ORCID

National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute ROR logo

David Meijer ORCID

Wageningen University & Research ROR logo Scholia

Jorge C. Navarro-Muñoz ORCID

Wageningen University & Research ROR logo Scholia

Giang-Son Nguyen ORCID

SINTEF Industry ROR logo

Sunaina Paliyal ORCID

National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute ROR logo

Mohit Panghal ORCID

National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute ROR logo

Latika Rao ORCID

National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute ROR logo

Simon Sieber ORCID

University of Zürich ROR logo

Nika Sokolova ORCID

University of Groningen ROR logo

Sven T. Sowa ORCID

University of Basel ROR logo

Judith Szenei ORCID

Technical University of Denmark ROR logo

Barbara Terlouw ORCID

Leiden University ROR logo

Heiner G. Weddeling ORCID

University of Basel ROR logo

Jingwei Yu ORCID

Southern University of Science and Technology ROR logo

Nadine Ziemert ORCID

University of Tübingen ROR logo

Tilmann Weber ORCID

Technical University of Denmark ROR logo

Kai Blin ORCID

Technical University of Denmark ROR logo

Justin J. J. van der Hooft ORCID Scholia

Wageningen University & Research ROR logo Scholia

University of Johannesburg ROR logo Scholia

Marnix H. Medema ORCID Scholia

Wageningen University & Research ROR logo Scholia

Mitja M. Zdouc ORCID Scholia

Wageningen University & Research ROR logo Scholia

Published

September 26, 2025

Doi
Abstract

Secondary or specialized metabolites show extraordinary structural diversity and potent biological activities relevant for clinical and industrial applications. The biosynthesis of these metabolites usually starts with the assembly of a core ‘scaffold’, which is subsequently modified by tailoring enzymes to define the molecule’s final structure and, in turn, its biological activity profile. Knowledge about reaction and substrate specificity of tailoring enzymes is essential for understanding and computationally predicting metabolite biosynthesis, but this information is usually scattered in the literature. Here, we present MITE, the Minimum Information about a Tailoring Enzyme database. MITE employs a comprehensive set of parameters to annotate tailoring enzymes, defining substrate and reaction specificity by the expressive reaction SMARTS (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System Arbitrary Target Specification) chemical pattern language. Both human and machine readable, MITE can be used as a knowledge base, for in silico biosynthesis, or to train machine-learning applications, and tightly integrates with existing resources. Designed as a community-driven and open resource, MITE employs a rolling release model of data curation and expert review. MITE is freely accessible at https://mite.bioinformatics.nl/.

References

Rutz, Adriano, Daniel Probst, César Aguilar, Daniel Y Akiyama, Fabrizio Alberti, Hannah E Augustijn, Nicole E Avalon, et al. 2025. “MITE: The Minimum Information about a Tailoring Enzyme Database for Capturing Specialized Metabolite Biosynthesis.” Nucleic Acids Research, September. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaf969.